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Variation characteristics of atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide in summertime at a coastal site in the SouthChina Sea

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1574-z

摘要：

● Diurnal patterns of CH₄ and CO₂ are clearly extracted using EEMD.

关键词： Methane Carbon dioxide Diurnal pattern Ensemble empirical mode decomposition South China Sea Sea breeze

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The abundance, characteristics and diversity of microplastics in the South China Sea: Observation around

Hongzhe Chen , Sumin Wang , Huige Guo , Yunlong Huo , Hui Lin , Yuanbiao Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 9-9 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1443-1

摘要： Surrounded by emerging markets with considerable plastic consumption, the South China Sea has been a focus area of microplastic research. A survey on the floating microplastics (>0.3 mm) and microplastics ingested by fish and mollusks was conducted around three remote islands here. Compared with the results from several previous studies, a high abundance of floating microplastics (with a median of 1.9 × 105 items/km2 or 0.7 items/m3) was observed, revealing another “hot spot” for microplastics. Polyolefin, especially polypropylene, was the main component. The diversity index and evenness index were calculated and evaluated based on the composition of microplastics. The characteristic peaks of Raman spectra concerning pigmented microplastics were provided. Transparent sheets/films were predominant in the water sample, which was quite different from a similar study in this sea area (8.9% for film), and only 16.4% of floating microplastics (>0.3 mm) were fibers/lines, implying that the main sources of floating microplastics (>0.3 mm) might be household/agricultural consumption activities. The transparent fiber/line was also dominant in organisms. It is suggested that the main sources of microplastics ingested by organisms might be both fabric fibers and fishing/aquaculture.

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南海北部深水区油气勘探进展与未来展望

米立军 ,周守为 ,谢玉洪 ,张功成 ,杨海长

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第3期页码 58-65 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.007

摘要：

加大油气勘探开发力度，减少石油和天然气对外依存度，保障国家能源安全是关系国家经济社会发展的全局性、战略性问题。“十一五”以来，中国海洋石油集团有限公司在南海北部深水领域持续加强基础研究，加快技术创新和加大勘探投入，相继获得一批重大油气勘探发现。本文阐述了五项重大勘探地质理论认识和两项勘探技术创新成果，探讨了深水油气勘探将要面临的挑战和应对策略，展望了南海北部深水区中深层、潜山及岩性圈闭三大领域的勘探前景。研究指出，南海北部陆缘深水区的拆离作用控制了珠江口盆地和琼东南盆地大型凹陷的形成，发育了湖相、海陆过渡相和海相三套规模烃源岩；高‒ 变地温控制凹陷烃源岩快速生烃，建立了琼东南盆地深水区大型轴向峡谷水道油气成藏模式、白云凹陷深水区深水扇天然气晚期成藏模式和深水区“断‒ 脊”联控油气差异聚集成藏模式。同时自主创新研发了立体震源激发和“犁形”缆接收的宽频采集处理技术。在多项地质理论认识和创新技术的指导下，发现以“深海一号”（陵水17-2）等为代表的一批大中型气田，对于保障粤港澳大湾区能源供应、促进海南自贸区（港）能源绿色发展、推动我国油气增储上产具有重要意义。

关键词：南海北部；深水区；油气勘探；深水天然气

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我国南海资源开发装备发展研究

田辰玲 ,杨建民 ,林忠钦 ,李欣 ,程正顺 ,柳存根

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 84-94 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.03.008

摘要：

南海是我国面积最大的海域，超过70%为深海区域，蕴藏着丰富的深海资源，尤其是深海油气、深海矿产等。高温、高湿、高盐是我国南海区别于其他海域的主要特征，研究适用于南海资源开发的海洋装备具有重要的战略意义。本文首先分析总结了国内外主要海洋资源开发装备的发展现状及趋势，详细分析了南海资源开发装备的发展需求与关键技术，提出了南海资源开发装备的发展目标和发展思路等。最后从装备与产业发展角度，提出了南海资源开发装备产业的发展建议：依托海南省建设深海油气开发关键技术研发中心和应急救援中心、深海矿产资源开发装备研发中心、深海养殖示范区和试验区以及国家南海深远海海上综合试验场等，逐步建设“国家深海科技创新中心”“国家深海工程装备保障基地”“国家深海科技产业中心”等。

关键词：南海资源；海洋装备；深海油气资源；深海矿产资源；海上试验场

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中国南海油气资源前景

朱伟林,张功成,钟锴,刘宝明

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 46-50

摘要：

南海处于欧亚板块、太平洋板块和印—澳板块三大板块的交汇处，经历了复杂的地质作用和演化过程，在其北部、西部和中南部形成了数目众多、类型各异的沉积盆地，石油地质条件优越，油气资源潜力巨大。其中南海北部陆架区已经成为中国近海的主要油气产区之一，陆坡深水区的勘探也获得了重大突破。目前，我国传统疆域内的油气资源正在不断受到南海周边国家的蚕食，因此，应该加快南海地区的油气资源勘探，切实维护国家主权和领土完整。

关键词：南海油气资源石油地质条件深水区国家主权

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properties of gas hydrate-bearing unconsolidated sediment samples from the ultra-deepwater area in the SouthChina Sea

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期页码 509-520 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0786-4

摘要： Marine natural gas hydrate has recently attracted global attention as a potential new clean energy source. Laboratory measurements of various physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing marine sediments can provide valuable information for developing efficient and safe extraction technology of natural gas hydrates. This study presents comprehensive measurement results and analysis of drilled hydrate-bearing sediments samples recovered from Qiongdongnan Basin in the South China Sea. The results show that the gas hydrate in the core samples is mainly methane hydrate with a methane content of approximately 95%, and the other components are ethane and carbon dioxide. The saturation of the samples fluctuates from 2%–60%, the porosity is approximately 38%–43%, and the water content is approximately 30%–50%, which indicate that high water saturation means that timely drainage should be paid attention to during hydrate extraction. In addition, the median diameter of the sediment samples is mainly distributed in the range of 15 to 34 μm, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of sand production in the mining process. Moreover, the thermal conductivity is distributed in the range of 0.75 to 0.96 W/(m∙K) as measured by the flat plate heat source method. The relatively low thermal conductivity of hydrates at this study site indicates that a combined approach is encouraged for natural gas production technologies. It is also found that clay flakes and fine particles are attached to the surface of large particles in large numbers. Such characteristics will lead to insufficient permeability during the production process.

关键词： natural gas hydrates physical properties analysis hydrate-bearing sediments

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水下生产系统在我国南海深水油气田开发的应用与挑战

刘太元,霍成索,李清平,万祥,李文英

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第1期页码 51-55

摘要：

随着各大石油公司对深水油气资源勘探开发投入的不断增加，水下生产系统得到越来越多的应用。水下生产系统灵活性强，可以适应不同的油气田开发方案。在总结分析目前水下生产系统相关技术现状的基础上，指出了未来水下生产系统发展的方向，同时结合我国南海特有的海况和地质条件及深水油气田开发现状，给出了水下生产系统在应用中的困难与挑战及相应的应对措施，对于未来水下生产系统的应用有一定的参考意义。

关键词：深水；水下生产系统；油气田开发；南海开发；应用与挑战

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南海富碳天然气直接利用技术发展研究

吴青,于广欣,汤晓玲,张亮亮,郑裕国

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第4期页码 172-181 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.04.020

摘要：

我国南海富碳天然气具有 CO₂ 含量高的特点，高效开发和精准利用南海富碳天然气资源，有助于积极应对气候变化，实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。本文分析了南海富碳天然气直接利用的需求和价值，概括了富碳天然气直接利用的发展现状；重点论述了富碳天然气 CO₂-CH₄ 干重整技术、富碳天然气制甲醇一体化技术、富碳天然气 CO₂ 加氢制液体燃料技术、富碳天然气直接制精细化工品技术等的实施过程与应用特征。研究建议，南海富碳天然气资源有其特殊性，应加强研究并实施重点攻关，建立海洋富碳天然气综合利用技术工程化平台，与非化石能源风能、太阳能及核能紧密融合发展，推进南海富碳天然气产业的可持续发展；针对性布局南海富碳天然气产业，加强富碳天然气的开发与利用力度，尽快实现转型升级；建立“产学研用”战略联盟，保障产业与技术合作需求。

关键词：南海富碳天然气干重整 CO2 加氢液体燃料精细化工

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珊瑚岛礁环境噪声成像 Article

夏少红, 张昌榕, 曹敬贺

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 182-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.022

摘要：

As valuable land in the ocean, coral islands are not only important bases for making use of marine resources and protecting marine rights and interests, but also important for breakthrough research in many fields of earth science. Hence, the economical and efficient determination of the underground structure of coral islands has become significant in coral island engineering geology, but remains challenging for traditional marine geophysical prospecting and drilling methods. While ambient noise tomography with dense arrays has been widely used in continental regions, its applicability to coral islands remains undetermined. In this study, based on the data recorded by a dense array on an isolated coral island in the South China Sea, we analyzed the ambient noise characteristics and obtained a 3D subsurface structure of the coral island using ambient noise tomography. We made the following findings: ① The ambient noise frequencies can be roughly categorized into three levels: < 1, 1–5, and > 5 Hz. The spectral characteristics of the noise below 5 Hz were consistent at different stations, but there were significant differences in the characteristics of the noise above 5 Hz. ② For ambient noise frequencies below 5 Hz, cross-correlation functions with high quality could be obtained with only 24 h of waveform data. However, it was difficult to extract meaningful cross-correlation functions for ambient noise frequencies above 5 Hz. ③ The S-wave velocity in the coral island was higher toward the sea and lower toward the lagoon, which was consistent with the high degree of cementation of the outer reef flat stratum on the seaward side. ④ There were two low-velocity horizons at 25–75 and 200–300 m, which were in good agreement with the high-porosity horizons that were revealed by drilling core samples, reflecting the weathering history of the reef. Our research demonstrates that ambient noise tomography is a potentially economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the geological prospecting of coral reefs.

关键词： Coral island Ambient noise tomography Engineering geology South China Sea

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Deepwater Hydrocarbon Exploration in China Seas: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

Zhi-gang Zhao,Hai-zhang Yang,Wu Tang,Shi-xiang Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 390-395 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016059

摘要： Deepwater area has been one of the hottest areas in the global hydrocarbon exploration. However, deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China started late and mainly concentrated in the South China Sea (SCS) with low level of researches. Although there are some achievements, there are even more challenges. For this reason, this paper reviewed the history of deepwater exploration in China Seas and summarized the current exploration situation. The future directions of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration mainly consist of five aspects: establishing key technology system of complex structure and reservoir seismic acquisition and processing in deepwater areas of SCS, clarifying the development mechanism of high quality source rock and establishing matching assessment technology, studying the formation conditions of favorable reservoir and creating reservoir identification technology, improving accumulation theory of large and medium-sized oil and gas field of deepwater, deepening the researches of petroleum geology conditions of middle and south part of SCS. Simultaneously, the concept of portfolio should be utilized in the exploration process, with economic benefits considered. These understandings will help guiding the future deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in China Seas.

关键词： deepwater hydrocarbon exploration China Seas South China Sea Pearl River Mouth Basin Qiongdongnan Basin development directions

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天然气水合物——未来的新能源

金庆焕

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第11期页码 29-34

摘要：

现有资料表明，全球石油和天然气的后备资源还能维持40余年，因此科技专家将天然气水合物列为未来的新能源。在世界各海域目前已发现天然气水合物矿区82处，据地质学家估算，各海区天然气水合物中甲烷的碳总量是全球所有石油、天然气和煤的碳总量的2倍。

广州海洋地质局对南海北部陆坡区开展了天然气水合物的调査，高分辨率地震调査资料显示，在南海北部陆坡区存在天然气水合物明显的地球物理标志。

关键词：天然气水合物新能源南海北部陆坡

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海水西调是西部大开发的战略性基础工程

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第10期页码 14-19

摘要：

文章认为海水西调工程是西部大开发的战略性基础工程。重点阐述海水西调对内蒙古产生的效益和陇东和贵州省等生态大移民的战略效益。并再度讨论了海水西调与盐碱化问题。解释了工程取得共识需要20年的原因，建议尽快进行多学科综合研究并争取早日动工，造福西北。

关键词：海水西调沙尘暴西部大开发地下水

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海水西调与我国沙漠和沙尘暴的根治

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第10期页码 13-21

摘要：

提出内陆盆地增加降水量的三项必要和充分条件，即西风带、高山山脉冷凝作用和广大湿地提供水气源。提出海水西调工程，从渤海西北海岸提水到大兴安岭南端，经内蒙古北部到达新疆，目的是恢复和扩大西北湿地，治理沙漠和沙尘暴。工程将产生十大经济和生态效益，其中4条效益是不可替代的。

关键词：海水西调沙尘暴湿地水气交换系统

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海水西调是西北和华北北部可持续发展的需要

陈昌礼

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第1期页码 48-55

摘要：

着重讨论第三、第四纪以来，特别是人类历史记载以来自然干旱化进程是缓慢而深刻的并且是不可逆转的等问题。进一步认识西北和华北北部三套面向西北迎风八字形高山冷凝系统的地利条件。恰逢今年3.20跨国沙尘暴事件，重点提出拯救阿拉善和额济纳旗的调水措施。文章还回答了四点质询。结论指出欲缓解或局部逆转西北干旱化进程唯有海水西调，这是西北可持续发展的基础。

关键词：海水西调可持续发展沙尘源干旱化

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Genetic diversity and population structure of indigenous chicken breeds in South China

Xunhe HUANG,Jinfeng ZHANG,Danlin HE,Xiquan ZHANG,Fusheng ZHONG,Weina LI,Qingmei ZHENG,Jiebo CHEN,Bingwang DU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 97-101 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016102

摘要： A total of 587 individuals from 12 indigenous chicken breeds from South China and two commercial breeds were genotyped for 26 microsatellites to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure. All microsatellites were found to be polymorphic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 36, with an average of 12.10 ± 7.00 (SE). All breeds, except White Recessive Rock, had high allelic polymorphism (>0.5). Higher genetic diversity was revealed in the indigenous chicken breeds rather than in the commercial breeds. Potential introgression from the commercial breeds into the indigenous chickens was also detected. The population structure of these indigenous chicken breeds could be explained by their geographical distribution, which suggested the presence of independent history of breed formation. Data generated in this study will provide valuable information to the conservation for indigenous chicken breeds in future.

关键词： microsatellites genetic diversity population structure indigenous chicken South China conservation